martes 9 de enero de 2007

The UK's top science stories: Newsline update -- issue 37

The UK's top science stories: Newsline update -- issue 37
   Newsline is the free quarterly publication from EPSRC (the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council). Here are some of the stories in this latest edition.

George Feher wins Wolf Prize in Chemistry

George Feher wins Wolf Prize in Chemistry
   George Feher, UCSD Physics Department, who uncovered the basic mechanisms for how plants and bacteria use photosynthesis to convert light into chemical energy, has been awarded the prestigious 2007 Wolf Prize in Chemistry. He will share the $100,000 prize with...

New study sheds light on 'dark states' in DNA

New study sheds light on 'dark states' in DNA
   Chemists at Ohio State University have probed an unusual high-energy state produced in single nucleotides -- the building blocks of DNA and RNA -- when they absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. This is the first time scientists have been able to probe the "dark" energy state -- so called because it cannot be detected by fluorescence techniques used to study other high-energy states created in DNA by UV light.

A star's death comes to light

A star's death comes to light
   Using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, scientists have created a stunning new image of one of the youngest supernova remnants in the galaxy. This new view of the debris of an exploded star helps astronomers solve a long-standing mystery, with implications for understanding how a star's life can end catastrophically and for gauging the expansion of the universe.

Dust around nearby star has fluffiness of new-fallen 'powder' snow

Dust around nearby star has fluffiness of new-fallen 'powder' snow
   A nearby star only 12 million years old is surrounded by a dusty disk reminiscent of the disk from which the Earth and other planets formed more than 4.5 billion years ago. Peering into this dusty disk, UC Berkeley astronomers have found that the dust is as fluffy as powder snow. This suggests that planetary disks condense gently into fluffy dust grains up to the size of snowballs before coalescing into asteroids and planets.

Rethinking last century's closest, brightest supernova

Rethinking last century's closest, brightest supernova
   February 2007 marks the 20th anniversary of the nearest and brightest supernova humans have seen in 400 years. Called SN1987A, it burned for weeks in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and provided astronomers with new information that forced them to rethink theories of how massive stars explode. Now UC Berkeley astronomer Nathan Smith says that theory needs rethinking again. Exploding stars like SN1987A may have been luminous blue variables, not blue supergiants.

Former Mass. speaker resigns from job (AP)

Former Mass. speaker resigns from job (AP)
   AP - Former Massachusetts House Speaker Thomas Finneran on Tuesday resigned from his $416,000-a-year job as president of a biotech industry trade group, days after he pleaded guilty to obstructing justice during a redistricting lawsuit.

Plenty of snow in a few areas (weather.com)

New stars offer clue to the past

New stars offer clue to the past
   An image from the Hubble telescope provides clues to star formation in the early Universe.

Star may have four magnetic poles

Star may have four magnetic poles
   The neutron star inside the Crab Nebula may have as many as four magnetic poles, researchers say.

Britain considers plans for solo moon missions (AFP)

Britain considers plans for solo moon missions (AFP)
   

Britain is considering plans for its own moon shot, the BBC said, citing plans submitted to the body that funds British space exploration.(AFP/File/Roslan Rahman)AFP - Britain is considering plans for its own moon shot, the BBC said, citing plans submitted to the body that funds British space exploration.


State Farm, Mississippi in talks on Katrina pact (Reuters)

State Farm, Mississippi in talks on Katrina pact (Reuters)
   

A truck sits under a damaged house in the Ninth Ward area of New Orleans nearly a year after Hurricane Katrina struck, August 27, 2006. State Farm, the largest U.S. home insurer, said it is close to settling hundreds of lawsuits over its payments for homes wrecked by Hurricane Katrina along the Mississippi Gulf Coast. (Carlos Barria/Reuters)Reuters - Mississippi is in talks with State Farm, the largest U.S. home insurer, to settle hundreds of lawsuits over its payments for homes wrecked by Hurricane Katrina along the Mississippi Gulf Coast, officials from the state and company said.


Scientists urge quake preparedness (AP)

Scientists urge quake preparedness (AP)
   

This recent aerial photo provided by United States Geological Survey, shows a view looking southeast along the surface trace of the San Andreas fault in the Carrizo Plain area of California. Elkhorn Rd. meets the fault near the top of the photo. The magnitute-7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake in 1857 caused a horizontal shift of about 30 feet near this stretch of the fault. The 150th anniversary Fort Tejon earthquake is Tuesday, Jan. 9, 2007, but, it's the California earthquake hardly anyone has heard of _ strong enough to rip 225 miles of the San Andreas Fault and make rivers run backward, but leaving nothing like the cultural scar inflicted by the San Francisco Quake of 1906. (AP Photo/U.S. Geological Survey, Scott Haefner)AP - California seismologists launched an earthquake-readiness campaign Tuesday with the slogan "Shift Happens."


Studies find northeast mercury hotspots (AP)

Studies find northeast mercury hotspots (AP)
   AP - Mercury levels near some coal-burning power plants are five times higher than previous government estimates, calling into question how the Environmental Protection Agency identifies biological hotspots and prompting a Maine senator to propose a national monitoring system.

Jamestown seeds reflect survival efforts (AP)

Jamestown seeds reflect survival efforts (AP)
   AP - Seeds and plant remains preserved in a well at America's first permanent English settlement suggest the Jamestown colonists were not just gentlemen with few wilderness survival skills, as they are often portrayed, but tried to live off the land by gathering berries and nuts.

Britain plans first Moon mission

Britain plans first Moon mission
   The UK could soon have its first lunar mission - an orbiting spacecraft firing instruments into the Moon's surface.

Britain plans first Moon mission

Britain plans first Moon mission
   The UK could soon have its first lunar mission - an orbiting spacecraft firing instruments into the Moon's surface.

Stem cell backers predict success in new Congress (Reuters)

Stem cell backers predict success in new Congress (Reuters)
   

Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-Ca) swears into office the members of the House of Representatives on the first day of the 110th Congress, January 4, 2007. (Larry Downing/Reuters)Reuters - Supporters of legislation to expand stem cell research predicted victory on Tuesday, saying they have a tide of public opinion to boost them and perhaps enough votes in Congress to override an expected veto from President George W. Bush.


Polar invasion gets underway tomorrow (weather.com)

Bush lifts Alaska oil, gas drilling ban (AP)

Bush lifts Alaska oil, gas drilling ban (AP)
   AP - President Bush lifted the drilling ban Tuesday for Alaska's Bristol Bay, clearing the way for the Interior Department to open the fish-rich waters to oil and natural gas development.

US probes may have found life on Mars 30 years ago: researchers (AFP)

US probes may have found life on Mars 30 years ago: researchers (AFP)
   

Image released by NASA December, 2000 shows layered sedimentary rock on Mars. NASA's Viking Mars probes may have found living organisms when they landed on Mars 30 years ago, but possibly destroyed them by exposing them to water, according to two astrobiologists(AFP/NASA/File)AFP - NASA's Viking Mars probes may have found living organisms when they landed on Mars 30 years ago, but possibly destroyed them by exposing them to water, according to two astrobiologists.


Brush fire destroys homes in millionaire's enclave of Malibu (AFP)

Brush fire destroys homes in millionaire's enclave of Malibu (AFP)
   

A firefighter takes a drink during the 1996 Malibu fires. A wildfire tore through the exclusive enclave of Malibu north of Los Angeles Monday, devastating eight homes as it ripped through several acres of prime real estate, fire officials said(AFP/File/Frederick M. Brown)AFP - A wildfire tore through the exclusive enclave of Malibu north of Los Angeles, devastating eight homes as it ripped through several acres of prime real estate, fire officials said.


Warm December pushes 2006 to record year (AP)

Warm December pushes 2006 to record year (AP)
   

A plane comes in to land at a British airport. Prime Minister Tony Blair sparked protests by green groups Tuesday by saying travellers need not cancel pollution-making long-haul flights, despite his leading role in fighting global climate change.(AFP/File/Paul Ellis)AP - Last year was the warmest on record for the United States, with readings pushed over higher than normal by the unusual and unseasonably warm weather during the last half of December.


Doom for Hubble's iconic pillars

Doom for Hubble's iconic pillars
   The famous columns of gas and dust pictured by the Hubble telescope have been blasted by an exploded star, Nasa says.

Doom for Hubble's iconic pillars

Doom for Hubble's iconic pillars
   The famous columns of gas and dust pictured by the Hubble telescope have been blasted by an exploded star, Nasa says.

Experts home in on 'God particle'

Experts home in on 'God particle'
   Scientists using the Tevatron collider in the US narrow the search for a key particle - the Higgs boson.

Experts home in on 'God particle'

Experts home in on 'God particle'
   Scientists using the Tevatron collider in the US narrow the search for a key particle - the Higgs boson.

Plants that grow fast may have advantage (AP)

Plants that grow fast may have advantage (AP)
   AP - The ability to grow like a weed may be an advantage when it comes to coping with climate change. Plants with short life cycles can adapt more quickly to change than those that reproduce slowly, according to a new study by researchers at the University of California, Irvine. The findings are reported in Tuesday's issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Whale carcass found in Washington state (AP)

Whale carcass found in Washington state (AP)
   AP - A dead gray whale was found in Hood Canal opposite the Navy submarine base at Bangor, and there was no immediate indication of the cause of death, researchers said.

Summit has 'greener' housing aim

Summit has 'greener' housing aim
   House builders, green groups and ministers meet to discuss making new homes energy efficient and affordable.

Tiny galaxy hosts huge black hole

Tiny galaxy hosts huge black hole
   Astronomers find evidence of a supermassive black hole at the heart of a tiny galaxy in the Virgo Cluster

Montserrat volcano shoots ash 5 miles up (AP)

Montserrat volcano shoots ash 5 miles up (AP)
   

A cloud of superheated ash and gas flows from the Soufriere Hills volcano, as seen from Olveston, Montserrat, Monday, Jan. 8, 2007. The cloud reportedly shot up more than 5 miles, 8 kilometers, into the sky, and authorities warn that more significant activity is possible in the coming days. (AP Photo/Wayne Fenton)AP - The volcano that destroyed Montserrat's capital in 1997 shot a cloud of ash more than five miles into the sky on Monday, and one of the island's chief scientists said the blast was "a warning call."


Cook Inlet belugas face extinction risk (AP)

Cook Inlet belugas face extinction risk (AP)
   

In this  photo released by the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration shows NOAA fisheries biologists, left to right, Matt Eagleton, Dan Vos, Greg O'Corry-Crowe and Rod Hobbs, placing a satellite transmitter onto a female beluga whale in Cook Inlet near Anchorage, Alaska, in 2000. Beluga whales that swim the waters near Anchorage will likely go extinct within 300 years, and perhaps much sooner, if something does not change to increase their chances of survival, a federal study says.  (AP Photo/NOAA)AP - The beluga whales swimming off Alaska's largest city are at considerable risk of going extinct unless something changes, a federal study says.


UK space enters 'critical period'

UK space enters 'critical period'
   The UK space industry says it will lobby hard to get government to release more funds for innovation programmes.

Hubble's 3D dark matter map

Hubble's 3D dark matter map
   Astronomers map the cosmic "scaffold" of dark matter upon which stars and galaxies are assembled.

Summit aims for 'greener' housing

Summit aims for 'greener' housing
   House builders, green groups and ministers are to discuss making new homes energy efficient and affordable.

Chick success for Asian vultures

Chick success for Asian vultures
   Conservationists celebrate the arrival of the first oriental white-backed vulture chick to be born in captivity in India.

Astronomers see first quasar trio

Astronomers see first quasar trio
   Astronomers find the first example of a triple quasar, involving three separate black holes.

Yuan-Cheng 'Bert' Fung Awarded NAE Russ Prize

Yuan-Cheng 'Bert' Fung Awarded NAE Russ Prize
   The National Academy of Engineering has announced that Yuan-Cheng "Bert" Fung will receive the 2007 Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Prize, a $500,000 award recognizing engineering achievement that significantly improves the human condition. Fung, a professor emeritus of bioengineering...